Scales

Destination Emotion Scale (DES)

The Destination Emotion Scale (DES) is a 15-item psychometric instrument measuring three core positive emotions...

September 6, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Booking Channel Preference Scale (BCPS)

The Booking Channel Preference Scale (BCPS) evaluates tourist and traveler preferences across modern travel booking...

September 6, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Travel Information Search Scale

A comprehensive academic guide to the Travel Information Search Scale (TISS), examining its theoretical foundations,...

September 6, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Travel Risk Perception Scale

The Travel Risk Perception Scale (TRPS) measures perceived risk across seven core dimensions: health, political...

September 6, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Collective Psychological Ownership Scale

A comprehensive academic analysis of the Collective Psychological Ownership Scale developed by Xuebing Su and...

September 6, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Tourist Carbon Awareness Scale (TCAS)

A comprehensive psychometric overview of the Tourist Carbon Awareness Scale (TCAS), assessing tourist carbon literacy,...

September 6, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Sustainable Tourism Attitude Scale (STAS)

A comprehensive academic psychometric evaluation of the Sustainable Tourism Attitude Scale (STAS), developed by Choi...

September 6, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Overtourism Perception Scale (OPS)

The Overtourism Perception Scale (OPS) is a comprehensive psychometric instrument assessing resident perceptions of tourism...

September 6, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Psychological Empowerment Scale

A comprehensive academic analysis of the Psychological Empowerment Scale developed by Sanjay T. Menon (2001),...

September 6, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti