Scales
Ostracism Experience Scale
The Ostracism Experience Scale (OES) is an 8-item psychometric instrument assessing subjective experiences of interpersonal...
# Social Exclusion
9 results
Experiments
The Cyberball Experiment (Social Ostracism and Self-Worth) – Kipling Williams
A comprehensive academic analysis of Kipling Williams's Cyberball paradigm, examining the psychological, neurological, and behavioral...
Experiments
The Sociometer Theory of Self-Esteem Experiments – Mark Leary
A comprehensive academic analysis of Mark Leary's sociometer theory of self-esteem, detailing foundational experiments, methodology,...
Scales
Four Needs Questionnaire
The Four Needs Questionnaire (FNQ), developed by Lisa Zadro, Kipling D. Williams, and Rick Richardson,...
Scales
Psychological Inner Emptiness (PIE)
The Psychological Inner Emptiness (PIE) scale is a 3-item psychometric measure assessing situational feelings of...
Scales
Felt Social Exclusion (FSE)
A comprehensive psychometric guide to the Felt Social Exclusion (FSE) scale, a 3-item instrument measuring...
Theories
Ostracism Model (Temporal Need-Threat Model) – Kipling D. Williams
A comprehensive academic analysis of Kipling D. Williams' Temporal Need-Threat Model of ostracism, examining reflexive,...
Theories
Need to Belong Theory – Roy Baumeister & Mark Leary
An exhaustive academic examination of Roy Baumeister and Mark Leary's seminal Need to Belong Theory,...
Experiments
The Taste Avoidance in Groups (Ostracism effects) – Roy Baumeister
An academic analysis of Roy Baumeister's ostracism research, exploring how social exclusion triggers taste avoidance,...