Scales

Consumer Privacy Concern Scale (CPCS)

The Consumer Privacy Concern Scale (CPCS / IUIPC), developed by Malhotra, Kim, and Agarwal (2004),...

September 5, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

eWOM Credibility Scale (eWOM-CRED)

A comprehensive academic analysis of the eWOM Credibility Scale (eWOM-CRED), examining its theoretical foundations in...

September 5, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Service Convenience Scale (SERV-CON)

A comprehensive academic guide to the Service Convenience Scale (SERV-CON), examining its theoretical foundations in...

September 5, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Customer Loyalty Scale (CLS-Zeithaml)

The Customer Loyalty Scale (CLS-Zeithaml), developed by Zeithaml, Berry, and Parasuraman (1996), is the gold...

September 5, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Consumer Confusion Scale

A comprehensive academic guide to the Consumer Confusion Scale (CCS-Walsh), exploring its tripartite structure (Similarity,...

September 5, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Country-of-Origin Image Scale (COO-Nagashima)

A comprehensive academic psychometric evaluation of the Country-of-Origin Image Scale (COO-Nagashima), detailing its 20 semantic...

September 5, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Variety Seeking Tendency Scale (VARSEEK)

The Variety Seeking Tendency Scale (VARSEEK) is an 8-item psychometric instrument measuring intrinsic motivation to...

September 5, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Consumer Nostalgia Scale (CNS)

A detailed psychometric profile of the Consumer Nostalgia Scale (CNS) developed by Morris B. Holbrook...

September 5, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti