Scales

Consumer Animosity Scale (CAS)

An in-depth academic review of the Consumer Animosity Scale (CAS), examining its theoretical foundations, psychometric...

September 5, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Consumer Ethnocentrism Scale (CETSCALE)

A comprehensive academic analysis of the Consumer Ethnocentrism Scale (CETSCALE), developed by Terence A. Shimp...

September 5, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Advertising Scepticism Scale (SKEP)

A comprehensive academic psychometric profile of the Advertising Scepticism Scale (SKEP) developed by Carl Obermiller...

September 5, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Persuasion Knowledge Scale (PKS)

Comprehensive academic psychometric review of the Persuasion Knowledge Scale (PKS), evaluating theoretical models, validity, reliability,...

September 5, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Luxury Value Perception Scale

The Luxury Value Perception Scale (LVPS), created by Wiedmann, Hennigs, and Siebels (2009), measures consumer...

September 5, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Brand Attachment Scale

A comprehensive academic analysis of the Brand Attachment Scale (BA-Park), examining its theoretical foundations in...

September 5, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Brand Personality Scale (BPS)

A comprehensive psychometric review of the Brand Personality Scale (BPS) developed by Jennifer Aaker, detailing...

September 5, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Sponsorship Authenticity Scale (SAS)

The Sponsorship Authenticity Scale (SAS) is a 15-item psychometric instrument measuring consumer perceptions of brand...

September 5, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Consumer Engagement Scale (CES-Brand)

A comprehensive academic guide to the Consumer Engagement Scale (CES-Brand) developed by Hollebeek, Glynn, and...

September 5, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Perceived Risk Scale (PRS)

A comprehensive academic evaluation of the Perceived Risk Scale (PRS) established by Jacoby and Kaplan...

September 5, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Price Sensitivity Meter (PSM)

A comprehensive academic analysis of Peter van Westendorp's Price Sensitivity Meter (PSM), detailing its psychometric...

September 5, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Need for Uniqueness Scale (NFU)

A comprehensive academic analysis of the Need for Uniqueness Scale (NFU / CNFU) developed by...

September 5, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti