Scales

SERVQUAL

A comprehensive academic guide to the SERVQUAL scale by Parasuraman, Zeithaml, and Berry (1988), examining...

September 5, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Consumer Brand Identification Scale

The Consumer Brand Identification Scale (CBIS) measures the degree to which consumers define themselves by...

September 5, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Brand Trust Scale

The Brand Trust Scale (BTS), developed by Chaudhuri and Holbrook (2001), is a validated 4-item...

September 5, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Materialism Values Scale (MVS)

A comprehensive academic guide to the Materialism Values Scale (MVS) developed by Marsha L. Richins...

September 5, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Impulse Buying Tendency Scale (IBT)

A comprehensive academic analysis and psychometric overview of the Impulse Buying Tendency Scale (IBT) developed...

September 5, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Personal Involvement Inventory (PII)

A comprehensive psychometric analysis of the Personal Involvement Inventory (PII) developed by Judith Lynne Zaichkowsky...

September 5, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti