Scales

Exercise Self-Efficacy Scale (ESES)

The Exercise Self-Efficacy Scale (ESES) is an 18-item psychometric instrument grounded in Bandura's Social Cognitive...

September 6, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Athlete Burnout Questionnaire (ABQ)

A comprehensive academic analysis of the Athlete Burnout Questionnaire (ABQ), evaluating its theoretical framework, psychometric...

September 6, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Athletic Identity Measurement Scale (AIMS)

A comprehensive academic psychometric evaluation of the Athletic Identity Measurement Scale (AIMS), detailing its theoretical...

September 6, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Sport Motivation Scale–6 (SMS-6)

A comprehensive academic guide to the Sport Motivation Scale–6 (SMS-6), examining its theoretical foundation in...

September 6, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Deal Proneness Scale

A comprehensive psychometric and theoretical analysis of the Deal Proneness Scale (DPS-Deal) developed by Lichtenstein,...

September 6, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Value Consciousness Scale (VCS)

A comprehensive academic guide to the Value Consciousness Scale (VCS) by Lichtenstein, Netemeyer, and Burton...

September 6, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Price Consciousness Scale

The Price Consciousness Scale (PCS-Price), developed by Lichtenstein, Ridgway, and Netemeyer (1993), is a 5-item...

September 6, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Willingness to Pay Premium Scale (WTPP)

A comprehensive psychometric review of the Willingness to Pay Premium Scale (WTPP) developed by Netemeyer...

September 6, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Customer Delight Scale (CDS-Delight)

The Customer Delight Scale (CDS-Delight) measures customer delight—a high-arousal, intensely positive affective state comprising Joy,...

September 6, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Shopping Enjoyment Scale (SES)

The Shopping Enjoyment Scale (SES), grounded in Babin, Darden, and Griffin's (1994) hedonic shopping value...

September 6, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti