Consumption Shame Affect (CSA)

The Consumption Shame Affect (CSA) scale, adapted from Marsha L. Richins' Consumption Emotion Set (CES),...

September 16, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti

Alcohol Decisional Balance Scales

The Alcohol Decisional Balance Scale (ADBS) is an essential psychometric assessment tool developed within the...

September 16, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti

Alcohol Dependence Scale (ADS)

A comprehensive psychometric and clinical guide to the Alcohol Dependence Scale (ADS), developed by Harvey...

September 16, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti