# Charitable Giving

6 results
Scales

Nonprofit Brand Integrity (NPBI)

A psychometric review of the Nonprofit Brand Integrity (NPBI) scale developed by Venable, Rose, Bush,...

September 16, 2026 memjavad
Scales

Charitable Donation Effort and Sacrifice

A psychometric review of the Charitable Donation Effort and Sacrifice (CDES) scale, evaluating observer perceptions...

September 16, 2026 memjavad
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Scales

Perceived Need for Help (PNFH)

The Perceived Need for Help (PNFH) scale is a psychometrically robust four-item instrument designed to...

September 12, 2026 memjavad