# Financial Psychology

3 results
Scales

Personal Economic Optimism (PEO)

The Personal Economic Optimism (PEO) scale measures forward-looking beliefs regarding personal financial trajectories, income growth,...

September 12, 2026 memjavad
Scales

Spendthrift–Tightwad Scale

A comprehensive academic analysis of the Spendthrift–Tightwad Scale (STS), developed by Rick, Cryder, and Loewenstein...

September 11, 2026 memjavad
Scales

Frugality Scale (FRUG)

Comprehensive academic profile and psychometric evaluation of the Frugality Scale (FRUG) developed by Lastovicka, Bettencourt,...

September 11, 2026 memjavad