Scales

Consumer Innovativeness Scale

A comprehensive academic guide to the Consumer Innovativeness Scale (CIJM-CNS) developed by Manning, Bearden, and...

September 7, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Opinion Leadership Scale

A comprehensive psychometric analysis of the Opinion Leadership Scale (OLS), tracing its theoretical foundations from...

September 7, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Market Maven Scale

A comprehensive academic guide to the Market Maven Scale (Feick & Price, 1987), covering its...

September 7, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Country Image Scale (CIS-COO)

A comprehensive psychometric review of the Country Image Scale (CIS-COO) developed by Martin and Eroglu...

September 7, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Consumer Impulsiveness Scale

The Consumer Impulsiveness Scale (CIS), developed by Radhika Puri (1996), is a 12-item psychometric instrument...

September 7, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Hyperopia Scale

The Hyperopia Scale (HYP), developed by Kelly L. Haws and Cait Poynor (2008), measures consumer...

September 7, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti