Scales

E-S-QUAL

A comprehensive academic guide to the E-S-QUAL (Electronic Service Quality Scale), developed by Parasuraman, Zeithaml,...

September 7, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Brand Authenticity Scale (BAS)

A comprehensive academic guide and psychometric profile of the Brand Authenticity Scale (BAS) developed by...

September 6, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Brand Experience Scale (BES)

A comprehensive academic analysis of the Brand Experience Scale (BES) by Brakus, Schmitt, and Zarantonello...

September 6, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Anti-Consumption Scale (ACS)

The Anti-Consumption Scale (ACS) is a comprehensive psychometric instrument designed to measure deliberate, voluntary non-consumption...

September 6, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Perceived Corporate Greenwashing Scale

A psychometric review of the Perceived Corporate Greenwashing Scale (PCGS) developed by Chen and Chang...

September 6, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Consumers’ Ethical Beliefs Scale

A comprehensive academic analysis of the Consumers' Ethical Beliefs Scale (CEBS), examining its theoretical foundations,...

September 6, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Store Price Image Scale (SPIS)

A comprehensive academic guide to the Store Price Image Scale (SPIS), developed by Stephan Zielke....

September 6, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Perceived Price Fairness Scale

A comprehensive academic analysis of the Perceived Price Fairness Scale (PPFS) developed by Margaret C....

September 6, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Internal Reference Price Scale (IRPS)

The Internal Reference Price Scale (IRPS) developed by Biswas and Blair (1991) evaluates consumers' internally...

September 6, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Price Mavenism Scale (PMS)

A definitive academic review of the Price Mavenism Scale (PMS), an instrument designed to assess...

September 6, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Price–Quality Schema Scale (PQS)

The Price–Quality Schema Scale (PQS) is an authentic psychometric instrument designed to measure a consumer's...

September 6, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti